Greetings!
The photos featured today are of Dutch crocus that I captured blooming very
early in the spring. I believe these particular Dutch Crocus are of the
Pickwick variety (Crocus flavus).
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Etymology The name of the genus is derived from the Greek krokos (κρόκος). This in turn is probably a loan word from a Semitic language, related to Hebrew כרכום karkōm, Aramaic ܟܟܘܪܟܟܡܡܐ kurkama, Persian and Arabic كركم kurkum, which mean saffron or saffron yellow. The name ultimately comes from Sanskrit कुङ्कुमं kunkumam, unless the Sanskrit word is from the Semitic one.
Etymology The name of the genus is derived from the Greek krokos (κρόκος). This in turn is probably a loan word from a Semitic language, related to Hebrew כרכום karkōm, Aramaic ܟܟܘܪܟܟܡܡܐ kurkama, Persian and Arabic كركم kurkum, which mean saffron or saffron yellow. The name ultimately comes from Sanskrit कुङ्कुमं kunkumam, unless the Sanskrit word is from the Semitic one.
History Cultivation
and harvesting of crocus was first documented in the Mediterranean, notably on
the island of Crete. Frescos showing them are extant at the Knossos site on
Crete as well as from a comparably aged site on Santorini.
The first crocus seen
in the Netherlands, where Crocus species are not native, were from corms
brought back in the 1560s from Constantinople by the Holy Roman Emperor's
ambassador to the Sublime Porte, Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq. A few corms were
forwarded to Carolus Clusius at the botanical garden in Leiden. By 1620, the
approximate date of Ambrosius Bosschaert's painting, new garden varieties had
been developed, such as the cream-colored crocus feathered with bronze at the
base of the bouquet, similar to varieties still on the market. Bosschaert,
working from a preparatory drawing to paint his composed piece spanning the
whole of Spring, exaggerated the crocus so that it passes for a tulip, but its
narrow, grasslike leaves give it away.
Description The cup-shaped, solitary, salverform flowers
taper off into a narrow tube. Their color varies enormously, although lilac,
mauve, yellow and white are predominant. The grass-like, ensiform leaf shows
generally a white central stripe along the leaf axis. The leaf margin is
entire. Crocuses typically have three stamens. The spice saffron is obtained
from the stigmas of Crocus sativus, an autumn/fall-blooming species.
Some Crocus species,
known as "autumn crocus", flower in September to November in the Northern
Hemisphere. Some flower before their leaves appear. Autumn/fall flowering
species include: Crocus banaticus (syn. C. iridiflorus), C.cancellatus, C.
goulimyi, C. hadriaticus, C. kotschyanus (syn. C. zonatus), C. laevigatus,
Crocus ligusticus (syn. C. medius ), C. niveus, C. nudiflorus, C. ochroleucus,
C. pulchellus, C. sativus (saffron crocus), C. serotinus, C. speciosus, C.
tournefortii. Crocus laevigatus has a long flowering-period which starts in
late autumn or early winter and may continue into February.
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